On the Third Day of Evolution the planets, moon, stars and black holes organized into our universe.
Question:
Is Evolution A Theory? Can matter evolve into more complex arrangement of spherical balls swirling in a balance gravitational dance? Could gravity be responsible for this organization?
Given:
In 1923, Edwin Hubble observed the star known as Hubble V1, in Andromeda. Hubble could tell by its regular pattern of fading and brightness that it was a separate galaxy.
Mr. Hubble’s discovery revealed a universe so vast that we struggle to comprehend it. Since then the James Webb Space Telescope has unveiled a universe so big that we have more questions than answers.
In exploring how the universe formed we have to ask how exoplanets, black holes, solar systems, galaxies, stars, dark matter and dark energy came about. Unfortunately, there is not enough space for me to discuss each item, so lets just discuss stars since according to an article entitled “Star and Planet Formation” from the ALMA Observatory, “Star formation is the mechanism which controls the structure and evolution of galaxies, the buildup of heavy elements in the Universe, which is responsible for the creation of planetary environments in which life is possible.”
- the Theory of Naturalistic Evolution
- The Laws of Nature
Day-3 Theory of Evolution Position:
While the Big Bang is an explanation on how the universe began out of nothing, it does not explain the observable universe. Again, Day 1 – Cosmic Evolution is when time, energy, matter and space began. Day 3 is when the universe formed up into what we see in the heavens. So, how did stars form?
According to an article entitled, “Star Basics” by NASA, “Stars form in large clouds of gas and dust called molecular clouds. Molecular clouds range from 1,000 to 10 million times the mass of the Sun and can span as much as hundreds of light-years. Molecular clouds are cold which causes gas to clump, creating high-density pockets. Some of these clumps can collide with each other or collect more matter, strengthening their gravitational force as their mass grows.” Stars form in large clouds of gas and dust called molecular clouds.
According to an article in Space.com entitled, “A Star is Born” “Stars are born when overly dense regions of cosmic clouds collapse under the influence of their own gravity. These clouds are comprised of mostly hydrogen with some helium and a smattering of heavier elements — the latter of which astronomers call metals.”
According to the Webb Space Telescope website article entitled, What Were the First Stars Like?, “Four hundred thousand years after the big bang, the universe was a cold, dark fog of hydrogen and helium atoms. Less than 400 million years later, it had begun to shine with the light of infant galaxies. Sometime in between, the first stars must have formed. The only way that heavier elements like carbon, oxygen, and iron can form is by fusion of lighter elements in the cores of stars. So until the first stars began to form them, none of these elements existed in the universe.” This article goes on to say, “Astronomers know that the first stars, officially known as Population III stars, must have been made almost solely of hydrogen and helium—the elements that formed as a direct result of the big bang.“
According to an article entitled, “Star Formation” from Center of Astrophysics, “Star formation happens in interstellar molecular clouds: opaque clumps of very cold gas and dust. The process starts when some of those clumps reach a critical mass, allowing them to collapse under their own gravity.”
In summary and from the above explanations, stars form from hydrogen, helium and dust in the form of a molecular cloud being attracted into a ball by the force of gravity, all coming from Day 1 – the big bang . According to Star Basics at NASA, “After millions of years, immense pressures and temperatures in the star’s core squeeze the nuclei of hydrogen atoms together to form helium, a process called nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion releases energy, which heats the star and prevents it from further collapsing under the force of gravity.“
Law of Science Position:
The Law of Gravity says that every particle attracts every other particle proportional to their mass and inversely proportional to the distance squared between them.
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed but may be rearranged, into different particles or chemicals, but that the mass beginning is equal to the mass ending (mass is constant).
Discussion:
According to the article Planetary Atmosphere at Berkeley.edu “Planets with smaller masses, like that of Mercury, or even Earth, don’t have enough gravity to hold onto the lighter gases, like Hydrogen and Helium. These gases can escape the gravitational pull of the planet and drift off into space.” So, how did gravity make a small gathering of hydrogen to became a star?
According to an article in Palatinate “Helium may be the second most abundant element in the Universe, but it’s quite rare on Earth. Helium is light enough that it can get enough heat at the top of the atmosphere that it can simply float away and escape the Earth’s gravity.”
The fact is that hydrogen and helium escape the earth’s gravitational pull. Doesn’t it make sense that these elements would not gather under gravity? How could they form into a mass to start a star?
Clouds can’t spontaneously collapse because nothing happens spontaneously. Things happen by reason (Law of Cause and effect).
What force began the “collapse” of the cloud? Clouds may gather and blow around but could they form enough mass to begin a gravitational pull when each elements has an insignificant amount of mass?
Hydrogen and helium are unsuitable to make heavier molecules without some outside force or power like nuclear fusion. How did the hydrogen come together into a nuclear fusion reaction?
Since stars made all of the other elements in our universe, how many hydrogen and helium atom were required to make the elements in our visible universe? The eight most common elements in the crust are: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. The entire earth is 35% iron. It takes 26 hydrogen atom to combine and make iron in atom. Multiply this by the atoms of the earth. Multiply that by the number of stars (1 with 24 zeros) and planets (no idea). How did all of the hydrogen get created in the big bang?
Conflict:
Gravity is claimed to be the force gathering hydrogen and helium into a collapsing ball of nuclear fusion but neither of these elements have enough atomic mass to have a gravitational pull on other atoms in a cloud.
Conclusion:
So, Is Evolution a Theory? It cannot be a valid theory because it is incompatible with many Laws of Nature. The Theory of Evolution must be discarded.